Business Succession Planning Fundamentals
“Dream as if you'll live forever, live as if you'll die today.” - James Dean
For every business owner the day will come when it is time for him/her to move on. The reason for the departure may be old age, health, disability, familial changes, burnout, or any number of other reasons. Business succession planning involves planning for a smooth transition of the business in the event of the owner’s voluntary or involuntary departure. The impact of business planning goes well beyond the survival/transfer of the business and extends to the financial and emotional well being of the owner, his/her family, and the employees of the business. To be effective, business succession planning should start preferably three years before the anticipated date of the business owner’s exit.
For most mid-market business owners, their business is the largest component of their estate. In spite of this reality, most business owners do not find business succession planning to be a priority. They stay busy with mundane operation issues and neglect succession planning until it is too late. The result of the lapse can be catastrophic. Empirical data suggests that less than a third of family businesses survive the first generation of business ownership. Only a tenth of the businesses make it past the second generation. These statistics would likely be significantly better if the owners did business succession planning. By reading this article, you are already a step ahead of a typical business owner.
No business owner who cares for his estate or his employees should ignore the business planning process. To ensure financial security, and to properly transfer the wealth to the next generation, business succession planning must be a part of the estate planning process. The first step in business succession planning is to understand the end goals of the overall estate planning process.
The goals, for most owners, are financial security, transferring the wealth to the next generation, continuing the family legacy, etc. In translating these goals into business succession planning, the owner is faced with several possible scenarios:
There is a single potential successor: In this scenario the business owner needs to determine if the successor is ready, willing, and able to take over the reins of the business. Increasingly, the potential successor, typically a son or daughter, has interests that differ substantially from the business owner’s.
In some cases, even a capable and able successor may not have the motivation and drive necessary to take over the business and make it flourish. The business owner needs to contemplate if a transition to this successor will result in the desired financial and other outcomes. If the business owner suspects that the estate’s goals are not likely to be met with the transition, then (s)he needs to determine if it makes sense to recapitalize the business or sell the business and transfer the proceeds to the estate.
There are multiple potential successors: It may sound logical to split the business among the successors and give them different roles in the company (some roles could be operational and others could be non-operational). Empirically, a business with multiple owners tends to wither away as each stakeholder pulls it in a different direction. It is common for multiple successors to be embroiled in a power struggle that tears the company apart and negatively affects the interests of the family, the estate, and the employees.
The other common problem with multiple successors is that the successors who end up becoming active owners will very likely end up getting a dramatically larger share of the benefits of the company at the expense of the non-active owners. Unfair distribution of wealth and the violation of rights of minority shareholders is a common theme in many family business transitions.
Given these realities, multiple successors pose a particularly difficult choice for a business owner. The owner needs to seriously consider how the business may be run by multiple successors in his/her absence and see what steps can be taken to arrive at an equitable and harmonious transition that preserves the will of the estate. If the owner wants any semblance of equity and harmony in such a situation, advice from a competent business succession planning expert is mandatory early in the process. If a fair and cordial resolution is unlikely or unsustainable, the owner and the heirs’ interests may be better served by selling the business and distributing the proceeds to the heirs.
There are no likely successors: If there is no potential successor that could run the business, the choice is clear and the best value for the business can be attained by a recapitalization or a planned sale.
Regardless of which scenario the business owner finds himself/herself in, the planning process should begin early so that proper arrangements and precautions can be taken to maximize the value of the business. The outcome of the business succession planning should include a clear understanding of the goals, the process to achieve the goals, and contingencies in case of unexpected developments.
Friday, May 09, 2008
Saturday, May 03, 2008
Avoiding Value Killers In A Business Sale
10 Factors That Reduce The Value Of Your Business Sale Deal
“Diligence is the mother of good fortune.”- Benjamin Disraeli
If you are like most mid-market business owners, your business is your single largest asset. To get the most value for this asset it behooves you to understand what reduces the value of your business and minimize or eliminate these value killers. The purpose of this article is to help you identify the value killers in a typical business sale and help you take steps to get a higher value for your business.
Here are the key value destroyers in a typical business sale:
1. Unplanned Sale: The most expensive mistake that sellers make is not taking the time to plan a sale. If you have to sell in a hurry, the chances are pretty slim that you will get what you deserve. Planning for the sale should begin a minimum of one year and preferably three years before you need to sell. A good M&A advisor will start with a comprehensive presale plan and get an action plan in motion to maximize your return.
2. Lone Acquirer: The second most expensive mistake that sellers make is that they get themselves into a single buyer auction. This typically happens when the seller got an unsolicited bid from an industry player. The other common situation is when a seller tells his banker or CPA or attorney that he is planning to sell and the well meaning counsel introduces the seller to someone who is looking to buy a business. Regardless of the reason, if there is just a single player determining the value of your business, you are very likely to get an offer that is well below the market price. Engage an M&A advisor to run a soft auction to get the best price and terms the market has to offer.
3. Surprises: Once you get the deal and terms you want make sure there are no surprises in the deal and you deliver to the acquirer what you promised. Any negative surprises can dramatically alter the deal as the acquirer starts questioning the surprise and begins wondering if there are any other issues with the deal and redoubles his/her due diligence. Negative surprises can lead to changes in price and terms of the deal and in many cases end up becoming deal killers. Anything that can be perceived negatively by the acquirer should be put on the table early and managed properly to reduce the downside risk.
4. Losing Focus: One of the most expensive mistakes that sellers make is taking their eye off the ball during the business sale process. This is especially true if the loss of focus leads to a drop off in the business performance. Loss of focus tends to be not only expensive but traumatic as the buyer renegotiates price and terms of a deal that you think is done. Here again, a competent M&A advisor would buffer you from the minutia and stress of the deal and help you stay focused on running the company.
5. Customer Concentration & Lack Of Recurring Revenue Streams: Acquirers are nervous about businesses where a high percentage of business comes from a handful of customers. Ideally, no single customer should contribute to more than 10% of your revenues or profits. The best solution for this problem is to diversify the customer base. If that is not feasible, see if you can get the customers to commit to you with long term contracts. Lack of long term contracts, annual service/licensing fees, and other recurring revenue streams make business less desirable and results in a lower EBITDA multiple.
6. Lack Of Management Depth: Acquirers buy a business that they hope will be fully functional and growing after the sale. It is tough for the acquirer to place a high value on your business if you are the sole decision maker in the company and the business depends largely on your skill set. Developing your staff so that they can run the business when you are gone can pay big dividends when it is time to sell. If possible, start working on staff related issues at least a year before you plan to start the sales process.
7. Poor Financial Records: To many acquirers, poor bookkeeping indicates increased risk and also says a lot about how the business was run. Having a set of clean, easily auditable books inspires confidence and helps during the due diligence and negotiation process.
8. Poor Legal Records & Weak Contracts: Having poor legal records and having contracts without teeth is a sign of weakness. How well is your intellectual property protected? Are all your independent contractor agreements signed and readily available? Are you locked to your landlord with 5% raises for the next 10 years? Can your suppliers stop servicing you at the drop of the hat? Can your customers drop your line at their whim and fancy?
9. Lack Of Confidentiality: Lack of confidentiality about the sale may mean that your competitors may use the uncertainty to their advantage. Customers and employees may be concerned about the uncertainty and leave you. Loss of a key employee or a key customer can be devastating to the company’s value. If you are concerned about your key employees leaving you, you may want to consider employment contracts, stock grants and other incentives that give them a reason to stay long term. Beware of the cost of doing this and the impact on the bottom line.
10. Inexperienced Deal Making Team: A typical mid-market acquirer is an experienced corporate entity with professional M&A advisors, lawyers, CPAs, and industry experts on their team. Lack of a good team that can balance the experience of the acquirer can be very expensive. Can your transaction management team get a good deal on your price and terms for you? Can your team overcome the aggressive steps taken by the acquirers during due diligence to drive down the value? Can your team make sure the deal closes on time and does not drag out endlessly?
The most important take away from this article should be that while EBITDA matters, the process and approach to deal making also has considerable impact on the perceived value. Avoiding the value killers mentioned above will give you an upper hand during the negotiation process. If your business’s EBITDA is $3 million, the difference between being paid a multiple of 4 and a multiple of 6 is $6M in pre-tax earnings. Not bad for doing a little bit of homework!
“Diligence is the mother of good fortune.”- Benjamin Disraeli
If you are like most mid-market business owners, your business is your single largest asset. To get the most value for this asset it behooves you to understand what reduces the value of your business and minimize or eliminate these value killers. The purpose of this article is to help you identify the value killers in a typical business sale and help you take steps to get a higher value for your business.
Here are the key value destroyers in a typical business sale:
1. Unplanned Sale: The most expensive mistake that sellers make is not taking the time to plan a sale. If you have to sell in a hurry, the chances are pretty slim that you will get what you deserve. Planning for the sale should begin a minimum of one year and preferably three years before you need to sell. A good M&A advisor will start with a comprehensive presale plan and get an action plan in motion to maximize your return.
2. Lone Acquirer: The second most expensive mistake that sellers make is that they get themselves into a single buyer auction. This typically happens when the seller got an unsolicited bid from an industry player. The other common situation is when a seller tells his banker or CPA or attorney that he is planning to sell and the well meaning counsel introduces the seller to someone who is looking to buy a business. Regardless of the reason, if there is just a single player determining the value of your business, you are very likely to get an offer that is well below the market price. Engage an M&A advisor to run a soft auction to get the best price and terms the market has to offer.
3. Surprises: Once you get the deal and terms you want make sure there are no surprises in the deal and you deliver to the acquirer what you promised. Any negative surprises can dramatically alter the deal as the acquirer starts questioning the surprise and begins wondering if there are any other issues with the deal and redoubles his/her due diligence. Negative surprises can lead to changes in price and terms of the deal and in many cases end up becoming deal killers. Anything that can be perceived negatively by the acquirer should be put on the table early and managed properly to reduce the downside risk.
4. Losing Focus: One of the most expensive mistakes that sellers make is taking their eye off the ball during the business sale process. This is especially true if the loss of focus leads to a drop off in the business performance. Loss of focus tends to be not only expensive but traumatic as the buyer renegotiates price and terms of a deal that you think is done. Here again, a competent M&A advisor would buffer you from the minutia and stress of the deal and help you stay focused on running the company.
5. Customer Concentration & Lack Of Recurring Revenue Streams: Acquirers are nervous about businesses where a high percentage of business comes from a handful of customers. Ideally, no single customer should contribute to more than 10% of your revenues or profits. The best solution for this problem is to diversify the customer base. If that is not feasible, see if you can get the customers to commit to you with long term contracts. Lack of long term contracts, annual service/licensing fees, and other recurring revenue streams make business less desirable and results in a lower EBITDA multiple.
6. Lack Of Management Depth: Acquirers buy a business that they hope will be fully functional and growing after the sale. It is tough for the acquirer to place a high value on your business if you are the sole decision maker in the company and the business depends largely on your skill set. Developing your staff so that they can run the business when you are gone can pay big dividends when it is time to sell. If possible, start working on staff related issues at least a year before you plan to start the sales process.
7. Poor Financial Records: To many acquirers, poor bookkeeping indicates increased risk and also says a lot about how the business was run. Having a set of clean, easily auditable books inspires confidence and helps during the due diligence and negotiation process.
8. Poor Legal Records & Weak Contracts: Having poor legal records and having contracts without teeth is a sign of weakness. How well is your intellectual property protected? Are all your independent contractor agreements signed and readily available? Are you locked to your landlord with 5% raises for the next 10 years? Can your suppliers stop servicing you at the drop of the hat? Can your customers drop your line at their whim and fancy?
9. Lack Of Confidentiality: Lack of confidentiality about the sale may mean that your competitors may use the uncertainty to their advantage. Customers and employees may be concerned about the uncertainty and leave you. Loss of a key employee or a key customer can be devastating to the company’s value. If you are concerned about your key employees leaving you, you may want to consider employment contracts, stock grants and other incentives that give them a reason to stay long term. Beware of the cost of doing this and the impact on the bottom line.
10. Inexperienced Deal Making Team: A typical mid-market acquirer is an experienced corporate entity with professional M&A advisors, lawyers, CPAs, and industry experts on their team. Lack of a good team that can balance the experience of the acquirer can be very expensive. Can your transaction management team get a good deal on your price and terms for you? Can your team overcome the aggressive steps taken by the acquirers during due diligence to drive down the value? Can your team make sure the deal closes on time and does not drag out endlessly?
The most important take away from this article should be that while EBITDA matters, the process and approach to deal making also has considerable impact on the perceived value. Avoiding the value killers mentioned above will give you an upper hand during the negotiation process. If your business’s EBITDA is $3 million, the difference between being paid a multiple of 4 and a multiple of 6 is $6M in pre-tax earnings. Not bad for doing a little bit of homework!
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